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Eclairons quelques points communéments incompris de Bitcoin.
Éclairons quelques points communéments incompris de Bitcoin.


== Bitcoin est comme toutes les autres monnaies virtuelles; Rien de nouveau ==
== Bitcoin est comme toutes les autres monnaies virtuelles; Rien de nouveau ==
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* Des règles arbitraires peuvent être imposées aux utilisateurs par les contrôleurs
* Des règles arbitraires peuvent être imposées aux utilisateurs par les contrôleurs


En étant décentralisé, Bitcoin résout tout ces problèmes.
En étant décentralisé, Bitcoin résout tous ces problèmes.


== Bitcoins ne résout aucun problème que les monnaies locales et/ou l'or ne résolve(nt) ==
== Bitcoins ne résout aucun problème que les monnaies locales et/ou l'or ne résolve(nt) ==
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A la différence des monnaies locales, les bitcoins sont:
A la différence des monnaies locales, les bitcoins sont:
* A l'[[Controlled_Currency_Supply|émission]] limitée et prédite  
* A l'[[Emission_Contrôlée_Monnaie|émission]] limitée et prédite  
* Pas contrôlé par une autorité centrale (tel que [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve la Réserve Fédérale des Etats-Unis])
* Pas contrôlé par une autorité centrale (tel que [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Reserve la Réserve Fédérale des Etats-Unis])
* Pas fondés sur une dette
* Pas fondés sur une dette


A la différence des systèmes de monnaies électroniques étatiques, les bitcoins sont:
A la différence des systèmes de monnaies électroniques étatiques, les bitcoins sont:
* Potentially anonymous
* Potentiellement anonyme
* Freeze-proof
* Sans risque de gel du compte
* Faster to transfer
* Facile à transférer
* Cheaper to transfer
* Moins cher à utiliser en transfert


== Bitcoin is backed by processing power ==
== Bitcoin est fondé sur de la puissance de calcul ==


It is not correct to say that Bitcoin is "backed by" processing power. A currency being "backed" means that it is pegged to something else via a central party at a certain exchange rate yet you cannot exchange bitcoins for the computing power that was used to create them. Bitcoin is in this sense not backed by anything. It is a currency in its own right. Just as gold is not backed by anything, the same applies to Bitcoin.  
Il est incorrect de dire que Bitcoin est "fondé sur" la puissance de calcul. Une monnaie "fondée" signifie qu'elle est liée à quelque chose d'autre via une partie centrale, à un taux de change, alors que vous ne pouvez pas échanger des bitcoins contre la puissance de calcul qui a été utilisée pour les créer. En ce sens, Bitcoin n'est pas fondé sur quoi que ce soit. Bitcoin est une devise de son propre droit. De même que l'or n'est pas fondé sur quoi que ce soit, il en va de même de Bitcoin.  


The Bitcoin currency is ''created'' via processing power, and the integrity of the block chain is ''protected'' by the existence of a network of powerful computing nodes from certain [[Weaknesses#Attacker_has_a_lot_of_computing_power|attacks]].
La monnaie Bitcoin est ''créée'' par de la puissance de calcul, et l'intégrité de la chaine de blocks est ''protégée'' par l'existence d'un réseau de puissants noeuds pour prévenir des  [[Weaknesses#Attacker_has_a_lot_of_computing_power|attaques]].


== Bitcoins are worthless because they aren't backed by anything ==
== Les Bitcoins n'ont aucune valeur car ils ne sont fondés sur rien ==


One could argue that gold isn't backed by anything either. Bitcoins have properties resulting from the system's design that allows them to be subjectively valued by individuals. This valuation is demonstrated when individuals freely exchange for or with bitcoins. Please refer to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjective_theory_of_value Subjective Theory of Value].
Certains argumentent que l'or n'est fondé sur rien d'autre. Bitcoins ont des propriétés issues de la conception de son système que leur permet d'apporter une valeur subjective à leurs propriétaires. Cette valeur est démontrée lorsque des personnes échangent librement en bitcoins. Merci de vous référer à [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subjective_theory_of_value Subjective Theory of Value].


See also: the "[[#Bitcoin_is_backed_by_processing_power|Bitcoin is backed by processing power]]" myth.
A voir également : le mythe "[[#Bitcoin_is_backed_by_processing_power|Bitcoin is backed by processing power]]".


== The value of bitcoins are based on how much electricity and computing power it takes to mine them ==
== La valeur des bitcoins est fondé sur la quantité d'électricité et de traitement qu'il faut pour les miner ==


This statement is an attempt to apply to Bitcoin the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_theory_of_value labor theory of value], which is generally accepted as false. Just because something takes X resources to create does not mean that the resulting product will be worth X. It can be worth more, or less, depending on the utility thereof to its users.
This statement is an attempt to apply to Bitcoin the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_theory_of_value labor theory of value], which is generally accepted as false. Just because something takes X resources to create does not mean that the resulting product will be worth X. It can be worth more, or less, depending on the utility thereof to its users.
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In fact the causality is the reverse of that (this applies to the labor theory of value in general). The cost to mine bitcoins is based on how much they are worth. If bitcoins go up in value, more people will mine (because [[Mining|mining]] is profitable), thus [[difficulty]] will go up, thus the cost of mining will go up. The inverse happens if bitcoins go down in value. These effects balance out to cause mining to always cost an amount proportional to the value of bitcoins it produces<ref>[https://www.bitcoinmining.com Bitcoin Mining]</ref>.
In fact the causality is the reverse of that (this applies to the labor theory of value in general). The cost to mine bitcoins is based on how much they are worth. If bitcoins go up in value, more people will mine (because [[Mining|mining]] is profitable), thus [[difficulty]] will go up, thus the cost of mining will go up. The inverse happens if bitcoins go down in value. These effects balance out to cause mining to always cost an amount proportional to the value of bitcoins it produces<ref>[https://www.bitcoinmining.com Bitcoin Mining]</ref>.


== Bitcoins have no intrinsic value (unlike some other things) ==
== Les Bitcoins n'ont pas de valeur intrinsèque (à la différence d'autres choses) ==


This is simply not true. Each bitcoin gives the holder the ability to embed a large number of short in-transaction messages in a globally distributed and timestamped permanent data store, namely the bitcoin blockchain. There is no other similar datastore which is so widely distributed. There is a tradeoff between the exact number of messages and how quickly they can be embedded. But as of December 2013, it's fair to say that one bitcoin allows around 1000 such messages to be embedded, each within about 10 minutes of being sent, since a fee of 0.001 BTC is enough to get transactions confirmed quickly. This message embedding certainly has intrinsic value since it can be used to prove ownership of a document at a certain time, by including a one-way hash of that document in a transaction. Considering that electronic notarization services charge something like $10/document, this would give an intrinsic value of around $10,000 per bitcoin.
C'est simplement faux. Chaque bitcoin accorde à son propriétaire la capacité d'intégrer un grand nombre de petits messages de transactions dans un entrepôt de données distribuée, mondiale, horodatée, nommée la blockchain bitcoin. Il n'existe pas d'entrepôt similaire qui soit autant distribué. There is a tradeoff between the exact number of messages and how quickly they can be embedded. But as of December 2013, it's fair to say that one bitcoin allows around 1000 such messages to be embedded, each within about 10 minutes of being sent, since a fee of 0.001 BTC is enough to get transactions confirmed quickly. This message embedding certainly has intrinsic value since it can be used to prove ownership of a document at a certain time, by including a one-way hash of that document in a transaction. Considering that electronic notarization services charge something like $10/document, this would give an intrinsic value of around $10,000 per bitcoin.


While some other tangible commodities do have intrinsic value, that value is generally much less than its trading price. Consider for example that gold, if it were not used as an inflation-proof store of value, but rather only for its industrial uses, would certainly not be worth what it is today, since the industrial requirements for gold are far smaller than the available supply thereof.
While some other tangible commodities do have intrinsic value, that value is generally much less than its trading price. Consider for example that gold, if it were not used as an inflation-proof store of value, but rather only for its industrial uses, would certainly not be worth what it is today, since the industrial requirements for gold are far smaller than the available supply thereof.
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Value is ultimately determined by what people are willing to trade for - by supply and demand.
Value is ultimately determined by what people are willing to trade for - by supply and demand.


== Bitcoins are illegal because they're not legal tender ==
== Bitcoin est illégal car il n'a pas cours légal ==
In March 2013, the U.S. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Crimes_Enforcement_Network Financial Crimes Enforcement Network] issues a new set of guidelines on "de-centralized virtual currency", clearly targeting Bitcoin. Under the new guidelines, "a user of virtual currency is not a Money Services Businesses (MSB) under FinCEN's regulations and therefore is not subject to MSB registration, reporting, and record keeping regulations." <ref>[http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/03/us-regulator-bitcoin-exchanges-must-comply-with-money-laundering-laws/ US regulator: Bitcoin exchanges must comply with money-laundering laws | Ars Technica]</ref> [[Mining|Miners]], when mining bitcoins for their own personal use, aren't required to register as a MSB or Money Transmitter. <ref>[http://fincen.gov/news_room/rp/rulings/html/FIN-2014-R001.html Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to Virtual Currency Mining Operations | Fincen]</ref>
En mars 2013, the U.S. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Crimes_Enforcement_Network Financial Crimes Enforcement Network] issues a new set of guidelines on "de-centralized virtual currency", clearly targeting Bitcoin. Under the new guidelines, "a user of virtual currency is not a Money Services Businesses (MSB) under FinCEN's regulations and therefore is not subject to MSB registration, reporting, and record keeping regulations." <ref>[http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/03/us-regulator-bitcoin-exchanges-must-comply-with-money-laundering-laws/ US regulator: Bitcoin exchanges must comply with money-laundering laws | Ars Technica]</ref> [[Mining|Miners]], when mining bitcoins for their own personal use, aren't required to register as a MSB or Money Transmitter. <ref>[http://fincen.gov/news_room/rp/rulings/html/FIN-2014-R001.html Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to Virtual Currency Mining Operations | Fincen]</ref>


In general, there are a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_currency number of currencies] in existence that are not official government-backed currencies. A currency is, after all, nothing more than a convenient unit of account. While national laws may vary from country to country, and you should certainly check the laws of your jurisdiction, in general trading in any commodity, including digital currency like Bitcoin, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BerkShares BerkShares], game currencies like WoW gold, or Linden dollars, is not illegal.
In general, there are a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_currency number of currencies] in existence that are not official government-backed currencies. A currency is, after all, nothing more than a convenient unit of account. While national laws may vary from country to country, and you should certainly check the laws of your jurisdiction, in general trading in any commodity, including digital currency like Bitcoin, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BerkShares BerkShares], game currencies like WoW gold, or Linden dollars, is not illegal.


== Bitcoin is a form of domestic terrorism because it only harms the economic stability of the USA and its currency ==
== Bitcoin est une forme de terrorisme domestique car il porte préjudice à la stabilité économique des USA et sa monnaie ==


According to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitions_of_terrorism#United_States the definition of terrorism in the United States], you need to do violent activities to be considered a terrorist for legal purposes. Recent off-the-cuff remarks by politicians have no basis in law or fact.
D'après la [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitions_of_terrorism#définition du terrorisme aux Etats-Unis d'Amérique], il faut qu'une activité soit violente pour qu'elle puisse être légalement considérée comme potentiellement terroriste. Les remarques récentes off-the-cuff de politiciens n'ont aucun fondement légal ou factuel.


Also, Bitcoin isn't domestic to the US or any other country. It's a worldwide community, as can be seen in this [https://bitcointalk.org/?topic=2346.0 map of Bitcoin nodes].
De plus, Bitcoin n'est pas domestique aux USA ou à tout autre pays. Il s'agit d'une communauté mondiale, comme le montre la [https://bitcointalk.org/?topic=2346.0 carte des noeuds Bitcoin].


== Bitcoin will only enable tax evaders which will lead to the eventual downfall of civilization ==
== Bitcoin va uniquement permettre l'évasion fiscale, qui va entrainé le probable effondrement de la civilisation ==


Cash transactions hold the same level of anonymity but are still taxed successfully. It is up to you to follow the applicable state laws in your home country, or face the consequences.
Cash transactions hold the same level of anonymity but are still taxed successfully. It is up to you to follow the applicable state laws in your home country, or face the consequences.
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While it may be easy to transfer bitcoins anonymously, ''spending'' them anonymously on tangibles is just as hard as spending any other kind of money anonymously.  Tax evaders are often caught because their lifestyle and assets are inconsistent with their reported income, and not necessarily because government is able to follow their money.
While it may be easy to transfer bitcoins anonymously, ''spending'' them anonymously on tangibles is just as hard as spending any other kind of money anonymously.  Tax evaders are often caught because their lifestyle and assets are inconsistent with their reported income, and not necessarily because government is able to follow their money.


== Bitcoins can be printed/minted by anyone and are therefore worthless ==
== Bitcoins peut être imprimé par n'importe qui et n'a donc aucune valeur ==


Bitcoins are not printed/minted. Instead, [[Blocks]] are computed by miners and for their efforts they are awarded a specific amount of bitcoins and transaction fees paid by others. See [[Mining]] for more information on how this process works.
Bitcoins n'est pas imprimé. Instead, [[Blocks]] are computed by miners and for their efforts they are awarded a specific amount of bitcoins and transaction fees paid by others. See [[Mining]] for more information on how this process works.


== Bitcoins are worthless because they're based on unproven cryptography ==
== Les Bitcoins n'ont aucune valeur car ils sont fondés sur des cryptographies non prouvées ==


SHA256 and [[ECDSA]] which are used in Bitcoin are well-known industry standard algorithms. SHA256 is endorsed and used by the US Government and is standardized (FIPS180-3 Secure Hash Standard). If you believe that these algorithms are untrustworthy then you should not trust Bitcoin, credit card transactions or any type of electronic bank transfer. Bitcoin has a sound basis in well understood cryptography.
SHA256 et [[ECDSA]], qui sont utilisés par Bitcoin, sont des algorithmes standards, bien connus dans l'industrie. SHA256 est approuvé, utilisé par le gouvernement des USA et standardisé (FIPS180-3 Secure Hash Standard). Si vous croyez que ces algorithmes ne sont pas dignes de confiance alors vous ne devriez pas avoir confiance non plus dans les cartes à puces, ni aucun type de transfert bancaire électronique. Bitcoin a une base solide en well understood cryptographie.


== Early adopters are unfairly rewarded ==
== Les premiers utilisateurs sont outrageusement récompensés ==


Early adopters are rewarded for taking the higher risk with their time and money. The capital invested in bitcoin at each stage of its life invigorated the community and helped the currency to reach subsequent milestones. Arguing that early adopters do not deserve to profit from this is akin to saying that early investors in a company, or people who buy stock at a company IPO (Initial Public Offering), are unfairly rewarded.
Early adopters are rewarded for taking the higher risk with their time and money. The capital invested in bitcoin at each stage of its life invigorated the community and helped the currency to reach subsequent milestones. Arguing that early adopters do not deserve to profit from this is akin to saying that early investors in a company, or people who buy stock at a company IPO (Initial Public Offering), are unfairly rewarded.
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By starting to mine or acquire bitcoins today, you too can become an early adopter.
By starting to mine or acquire bitcoins today, you too can become an early adopter.


== 21 million coins isn't enough; doesn't scale ==
== 21 millions de bitcoin n'est pas suffisant. Bitcoin ne pourra pas grandir ==


One Bitcoin is divisible down to eight decimal places. There are really 2,099,999,997,690,000 (just over 2 quadrillion) maximum possible atomic units in the bitcoin system.
1 bitcoin est divisible jusqu'à 8 chiffres après la virgule (8 décimales). Il a aura exactement 2,099,999,997,690,000 (just over 2 quadrillion) unités minimales dans le système  bitcoin.
La valeur d'"1 BTC" représente celle de 100,000,000 unité minimale, nommé Satoshi. Autrement dit, chaque bitcoin en 10<sup>8</sup>.


The value of "1 BTC" represents 100,000,000 of these. In other words, each bitcoin is divisible by up to 10<sup>8</sup>.  
Pendant que la valeur d'1 Bitcoin augmente pour ne plus être utilisable pour les transactions de la vie courante, les utilisateurs feront des transactions avec des unités plus petites [[Units|units]], tel que les milli-bitcoins (mBTC) or les micro-bitcoins (μBTC).


As the value of the unit of 1 BTC grew too large to be useful for day to day transactions, people started dealing in smaller [[Units|units]], such as milli-bitcoins (mBTC) or micro-bitcoins (μBTC).
== Les bitcoins sont stockés dans des fichiers. Il suffit de copier les fichiers pour avoir plus de bitcoins ! ==


== Bitcoins are stored in wallet files, just copy the wallet file to get more coins! ==
Non, votre porte-feuille contient une clé secrète, vous donnant le droit d'utiliser vos bitcoins.


No, your wallet contains your secret keys, giving you the rights to spend your bitcoins. Think of it like having bank details stored in a file. If you give your bank details (or bitcoin wallet) to someone else, that doesn't double the amount of money in your account. You can spend your money or they can spend your money, but not both.
Copier le fichier, c'est donc faire une copie de la clé vous permettant d'accéder à votre coffre. Cela ne double pas le montant qu'il contient.


== Lost coins can't be replaced and this is bad ==
== L'argent détruit ne peut pas être remplacé et c'est mal ==


Bitcoins are divisible to 0.00000001, so there being fewer bitcoins remaining is not a problem for the currency itself. If you lose your coins, all other coins will go up in value a little. Consider it a donation to all other bitcoin users.
Les bitcoins sont divisibles jusqu'à 0.00000001, donc, s'il y a moins d'argent restant, cela n'est pas un problème pour la monnaie en soit. Si vous perdez vos bitcoins, l'ensemble des autres bitcoins vont légèrement augmenter de valeur. C'est, en quelque sorte, un don à l'ensemble des autres utilisateurs de bitcoin.


A related question is: Why don't we have a mechanism to replace lost coins? The answer is that it is impossible to distinguish between a 'lost' coin and one that is simply sitting unused in someone's wallet.
Une question comparable est : Pourquoi ne remplace-t-on pas automatiquement les bitcoins perdus? La réponse est qu'il est impossible de différencier les bitcoins "perdus" de ceux qui sont simplement inutilisés dans un porte-feuille.


== It's a giant ponzi scheme ==
== C'est une pyramide de Ponzi géante ==
In a [[Wikipedia:Ponzi_scheme|Ponzi Scheme]], the founders persuade investors that they’ll profit. Bitcoin does not make such a guarantee. There is no central entity, just individuals building an economy.
Dans une [[Wikipedia:Ponzi_scheme|pyramide de Ponzi]], les fondateurs persuadent des investisseurs qu'ils feront des bénéfices. Bitcoin ne fait pas ce type de garantie. Il n'y a pas d'entité centrale, mais uniquement des individus qui construisent une économie.


A Ponzi scheme is a zero sum game. In a ponzi scheme, early adopters can only profit at the expense of late adopters, and the late adopters always lose. Bitcoin can have a win-win outcome. Earlier adopters profit from the rise in value as Bitcoin becomes better understood and in turn demanded by the public at large. All adopters benefit from the usefulness of a reliable and widely-accepted decentralized peer-to-peer currency.<ref name=Jeff_Tucker>cf. {{cite news | author-link = Wikipedia:Jeffrey_Tucker | url = http://libertarianstandard.com/2013/12/01/ponzi-logic-debunking-gary-north/ | title = Ponzi Logic: Debunking Gary North | last = Tucker | first = Jeffrey | date = 1 December 2013 | work = The Libertarian Standard | accessdate = 2015-04-11}}</ref>
Une chaine de Ponzi est a zero sum game. Dans une chaine de Ponzi, les premiers adopteurs can only profit at the expense of late adopters, and the late adopters always lose. Bitcoin can have a win-win outcome. Earlier adopters profit from the rise in value as Bitcoin becomes better understood and in turn demanded by the public at large. All adopters benefit from the usefulness of a reliable and widely-accepted decentralized peer-to-peer currency.<ref name=Jeff_Tucker>cf. {{cite news | author-link = Wikipedia:Jeffrey_Tucker | url = http://libertarianstandard.com/2013/12/01/ponzi-logic-debunking-gary-north/ | title = Ponzi Logic: Debunking Gary North | last = Tucker | first = Jeffrey | date = 1 December 2013 | work = The Libertarian Standard | accessdate = 2015-04-11}}</ref>


It is also important to note that [[Satoshi Nakamoto]], creator of bitcoin, has never spent a bitcoin (other than giving them away when they were worthless) which we can verify by checking the blockchain.
Il est également important de noter que [[Satoshi Nakamoto]], le créateur de bitcoin, n'a jamais dépensé de bitcoin (other than giving them away when they were worthless) ce qui est vérifiable dans la blockchain.


== Finite coins plus lost coins means deflationary spiral ==
== Quantité limité de bitcoin + Perte de bitcoin => Spirale déflationniste ==
As deflationary forces may apply, economic factors such as hoarding are offset by human factors that may lessen the chances that a [[Deflationary spiral]] will occur.
As deflationary forces may apply, economic factors such as hoarding are offset by human factors that may lessen the chances that a [[Deflationary spiral]] will occur.


== Bitcoin can't work because there is no way to control inflation ==
== Bitcoin ne peut pas fonctionner parcequ'il n'existe aucun moyen de contrôler l'inflation ==


Inflation is simply a rise of prices over time, which is generally the result of the devaluing of a currency. This is a function of supply and demand. Given the fact that the supply of bitcoins is fixed at a certain amount, unlike fiat money, the only way for inflation to get out of control is for demand to disappear. Temporary inflation is possible with a rapid adoption of Fractional Reserve Banking but will stabilize once a substantial number of the 21 million "hard" bitcoins are stored as reserves by banks.
Inflation is simply a rise of prices over time, which is generally the result of the devaluing of a currency. This is a function of supply and demand. Given the fact that the supply of bitcoins is fixed at a certain amount, unlike fiat money, the only way for inflation to get out of control is for demand to disappear. Temporary inflation is possible with a rapid adoption of Fractional Reserve Banking but will stabilize once a substantial number of the 21 million "hard" bitcoins are stored as reserves by banks.
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The members of the community vary in their ideological stances. While it may have been started by ideological enthusiasts, Bitcoin now speaks to a large number of regular pragmatic folk, who simply see its potential for reducing the costs and friction of global e-commerce.
The members of the community vary in their ideological stances. While it may have been started by ideological enthusiasts, Bitcoin now speaks to a large number of regular pragmatic folk, who simply see its potential for reducing the costs and friction of global e-commerce.


== Anyone with enough computing power can take over the network ==
== Toute personne avec assez de puissance de calcul peut prendre le contrôle du réseau ==


CONFIRMED, see [[Weaknesses]].
C'est confirmé. Voir [https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Weaknesses].


That said, as the network grows, it becomes harder and harder for a single entity to do so. Already the Bitcoin network's computing power is quite ahead of the world's fastest supercomputers, together.
Il est dit que plus le réseau grandit, plus il devient difficile pour une seule entité à le faire. La puissance de calcul du réseau Bitcoin est déjà très en avance sur celle des plus rapides super-ordinateurs du monde, tous réunis.


What an attacker can do once the network is taken over is quite limited. Under no circumstances could an attacker create counterfeit coins, fake transactions, or take anybody else's money. An attacker's capabilities are limited to taking back their own money that they very recently spent, and preventing other people's transactions from receiving confirmations. Such an attack would be very costly in resources, and for such meager benefits there is little rational economic incentive to do such a thing.
Toutefois, ce que peut faire un attaquant une fois le réseau sous son contrôle est assez limité. En aucun cas, un attaquant pourrait créer de faux bitcoins, des fausses transactions, ou de prendre des bitcoins de quelqu'un d'autre. Les capacités d'un attaquant sont limitées à récupérer ses propres bitcoins qu'il a dépensé tout récemment, et d'empêcher d'autres personnes à recevoir leurs confirmations. Une telle attaque serait très coûteuse en terme de ressources, et pour les maigres avantages. Il y a peu d'incitation économique rationnelle se lancer dans une telle attaque.


Furthermore, this attack scenario would only be feasible for as long as it was actively underway. As soon as the attack stopped, the network would resume normal operation.
En outre, ce scénario d'attaque ne serait possible qu'aussi longtemps que l'attaque dure. Dès qu'elle cesse, le réseau reprend son fonctionnement normal.


== Bitcoin violates governmental regulations ==
== Bitcoin viole les réglementations gouvernementales ==


There is no known governmental regulation which disallows the use of Bitcoin.
Il n'existe pas de réglementation gouvernementale connue qui interdise  l'utilisation de Bitcoin.


See also: the "[[#Bitcoins_are_illegal_because_they.27re_not_legal_tender|Bitcoins are illegal because they're not legal tender]]" myth.
Voir également : le mythe "[[#Bitcoins_are_illegal_because_they.27re_not_legal_tender|Bitcoin est illégal car il n'y a pas de cours légal]]".


== Fractional reserve banking is not possible ==
== La réserve fractionnaire bancaire n'est pas possible ==


It is possible. See the main article, [[Fractional Reserve Banking and Bitcoin]]
Elle est possible. Voir l'article : [[Fractional Reserve Banking and Bitcoin]]


== After 21 million coins are mined, no one will generate new blocks ==
== Lorsque les 21 millions de bitcoin auront été minés, personne ne pourra générer de nouveaux blocks ==


When operating costs can't be covered by the block creation bounty, which will happen some time before the total amount of BTC is reached, miners will earn some profit from [[transaction fees]].  However unlike the block reward, there is [http://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/876/how-much-will-transaction-fees-eventually-be/895#895 no coupling between transaction fees and the need for security], so there is less of a guarantee that the amount of [[Mining|mining]] being performed will be sufficient to maintain the network's security.
Lorsque les coûts ne seront plus couvert par la création de block ex-nihilo, ce qui arrivera avant que le montant total de bitcoin ne soit attends, les mineurs feront des bénéficent à partir des [[commissions de transactions]].  Toutefois, à la différence des récompenses par block, il n'y a pas de rapport entre le les commissions par transaction et le besoin de sécurité. [http://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/876/how-much-will-transaction-fees-eventually-be/895#895], donc there is less of a guarantee que le montant du [[Minage|minageg]] being performed sera suffisant pour maintenir la sécurité du réseau.


== Bitcoin has no built-in chargeback mechanism, and this isn't good ==
== Bitcoin n'a pas de mécanisme de remboursement ==


'''Why some people think this is bad''': Chargebacks are useful for limiting fraud. The person handling your money has a responsibility to prevent fraud. If you buy something on eBay and the seller never ships it, PayPal takes funds from the seller's account and gives you back the money. This strengthens the eBay economy, because people recognize that their risk is limited and are more willing to purchase items from risky sellers.
'''Why some people think this is bad''': Chargebacks are useful for limiting fraud. The person handling your money has a responsibility to prevent fraud. If you buy something on eBay and the seller never ships it, PayPal takes funds from the seller's account and gives you back the money. This strengthens the eBay economy, because people recognize that their risk is limited and are more willing to purchase items from risky sellers.
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The statement "The person handling your money has a responsibility to prevent fraud" is still true; the power has been shifted into your own hands. Fraud will always exist. It's up to you to only send bitcoins to trusted entities. It is possible to trust an online identity without ever knowing their physical identity; see the [http://wiki.bitcoin-otc.com/wiki/OTC_Rating_System OTC Web of Trust].
The statement "The person handling your money has a responsibility to prevent fraud" is still true; the power has been shifted into your own hands. Fraud will always exist. It's up to you to only send bitcoins to trusted entities. It is possible to trust an online identity without ever knowing their physical identity; see the [http://wiki.bitcoin-otc.com/wiki/OTC_Rating_System OTC Web of Trust].


== Quantum computers would break Bitcoin's security ==
== Un quantum d'ordinateur pourrait casser la sécurité de Bitcoin ==


While ECDSA is indeed not secure under quantum computing, quantum computers don't yet exist and probably won't for a while.
While ECDSA is indeed not secure under quantum computing, quantum computers don't yet exist and probably won't for a while.
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[[StorJ]]<ref>[http://garzikrants.blogspot.com/2013/01/storj-and-bitcoin-autonomous-agents.html StorJ And Bitcoin Autonomous Agents]</ref>, a theorized autonomous agent which utilizes humans to build itself and issues autonomous payments for improvement work done, is not a conscious entity. Whatever AI is possible, is not going to be magically more possible simply because it could incentivize human behaviour with pseudonymous Bitcoin payments.
[[StorJ]]<ref>[http://garzikrants.blogspot.com/2013/01/storj-and-bitcoin-autonomous-agents.html StorJ And Bitcoin Autonomous Agents]</ref>, a theorized autonomous agent which utilizes humans to build itself and issues autonomous payments for improvement work done, is not a conscious entity. Whatever AI is possible, is not going to be magically more possible simply because it could incentivize human behaviour with pseudonymous Bitcoin payments.


== [[Mining|Bitcoin mining]] is a waste of energy and harmful for ecology ==
== Le [[Minage|minage de Bitcoin]] est une perte d'énergie et est nocif à l'environnement ==
No more so than the wastefulness of mining gold out of the ground, melting it down and shaping it into bars, and then putting it back underground again. Not to mention the building of big fancy buildings, the waste of energy printing and minting all the various fiat currencies, the transportation thereof in armored cars by no less than two security guards for each who could probably be doing something more productive, etc.  
No more so than the wastefulness of mining gold out of the ground, melting it down and shaping it into bars, and then putting it back underground again. Not to mention the building of big fancy buildings, the waste of energy printing and minting all the various fiat currencies, the transportation thereof in armored cars by no less than two security guards for each who could probably be doing something more productive, etc.  


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The BFL Jalapeno hashes at 5.5 Gh/s using 30W.  That device consumes about $40 per year in electricity (using U.S. residential average of about $0.15 per kWh.)  But the device costs over $300 including shipping.  Thus just about a quarter of all costs over a two-year useful life goes to electricity.  This compares to GPUs where more than 90% of costs over a two-year life went to electricity.  Even more efficient designs can be expected in the future.
The BFL Jalapeno hashes at 5.5 Gh/s using 30W.  That device consumes about $40 per year in electricity (using U.S. residential average of about $0.15 per kWh.)  But the device costs over $300 including shipping.  Thus just about a quarter of all costs over a two-year useful life goes to electricity.  This compares to GPUs where more than 90% of costs over a two-year life went to electricity.  Even more efficient designs can be expected in the future.


== Shopkeepers can't seriously set prices in bitcoins because of the volatile exchange rate ==
== Les commerçants ne peuvent pas fixer de prix en Bitcoin, en raison de la volatilité du taux de change ==


The assumption is that bitcoins must be sold immediately to cover operating expenses. If the shopkeeper's back-end expenses were transacted in bitcoins as well, then the exchange rate would be irrelevant. Larger adoption of Bitcoin would make prices [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sticky_%28economics%29 sticky]. Future volatility is expected to decrease, as the size and depth of the market grows.  
The assumption is that bitcoins must be sold immediately to cover operating expenses. If the shopkeeper's back-end expenses were transacted in bitcoins as well, then the exchange rate would be irrelevant. Larger adoption of Bitcoin would make prices [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sticky_%28economics%29 sticky]. Future volatility is expected to decrease, as the size and depth of the market grows.  
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* Criminal law differs between jurisdictions.
* Criminal law differs between jurisdictions.


== Bitcoins will be shut down by the government just like Liberty Dollars were ==
== Bitcoin sera poursuivi par le gouvernement américain comme Liberty Dollars l'a été ==


Liberty Dollars started as a commercial venture to establish an alternative US currency, including physical banknotes and coins, backed by precious metals. This, in and of itself, is not illegal. They were prosecuted under counterfeiting laws because the silver coins allegedly resembled US currency.
Liberty Dollars a démarré comme une entreprise commerciale afin d'établir une monnaie US alternative, y compris les billets et pièces physiques, soutenus par des métaux précieux. Ceci, en soi, n'est pas illégal. Ils ont été poursuivis en vertu des lois de contrefaçon parce que les pièces d'argent prétendument ressemblaient à la monnaie américaine.


Bitcoins do not resemble the currency of the US or of any other nation in any way, shape, or form. The word "dollar" is not attached to them in any way.  The "$" symbol is not used in any way.
Bitcoin ne ressemblent pas à la monnaie des États-Unis ou de toute autre nation en aucune manière, d'aspect ou de forme. Bitcoin n'utilise pas le mot "dollar" et le symbole "$".


Bitcoins have no representational similarity whatsoever to US dollars.  
Bitcoin n'a aucune similitude avec le dollar américain.


Of course, actually 'shutting down' Liberty Dollars was as easy as arresting the head of the company and seizing the offices and the precious metals used as backing. The decentralized Bitcoin, with no leader, no servers, no office, and no tangible asset backing, does not have the same vulnerability.
Bien sûr, en fait poursuivre et arrêter Liberty Dollars était facile en arrêtant les dirigeants de la société et en saisissant les bureaux et les métaux précieux utilisés comme actifs. Le Bitcoin décentralisé, sans dirigeant, sans serveur, sans bureau, et sans adossement à des actifs tangibles, n'a pas cette même vulnérabilité.


== Bitcoin is not decentralized because the developers can dictate the software's behavior ==
== Bitcoin n'est pas décentralisé parce que les développeurs peuvent dicter le comportement du logiciel ==


The Bitcoin protocol was originally defined by Bitcoin's inventor, [[Satoshi Nakamoto]], and this protocol has now been widely accepted as the standard by the community of miners and users.  
Le protocole Bitcoin a été défini par l'inventeur de Bitcoin, [[Satoshi Nakamoto]], et ce protocole a maintenant été largement accepté comme la norme par la communauté des mineurs et des utilisateurs.


Though the developers of the original Bitcoin client still exert influence over the Bitcoin community, their power to arbitrarily modify the protocol is very limited. Since the release of Bitcoin v0.3, changes to the protocol have been minor and always in agreement with community consensus.
Bien que les développeurs du client Bitcoin officiel exercent encore une influence sur la communauté Bitcoin, leur pouvoir de modifier arbitrairement le protocole est très limité. Depuis la sortie de Bitcoin v0.3, les modifications au protocole ont été mineures et toujours en accord avec le consensus communautaire.


Protocol modifications, such as increasing the block award from 25 to 50 BTC, are not compatible with clients already running in the network. If the developers were to release a new client that the majority of miners perceives as corrupt, or in violation of the project’s aims, that client would simply not catch on, and the few users who do try to use it would find that their transactions get rejected by the network.
Des modifications du protocole, comme l'augmentation de la rétribution par bloc de 25 à 50 BTC, ne sont pas compatibles avec les clients déjà actifs sur le réseau. Si des développeurs créent un nouveau client que la majorité des mineurs perçoit comme corrompu, ou en violation des objectifs du projet, ce client ne serait tout simplement pas reconnu, et les quelques utilisateurs qui tenteraient de l'utiliser verraient leurs opérations rejetées par le réseau.


There are also other [[:Category:Clients|Bitcoin clients made by other developers]] that adhere to the Bitcoin protocol. As more developers create alternative clients, less power will lie with the developers of the original Bitcoin client.  
Il y a aussi d'autres [[: Catégorie: Clients | clients Bitcoin faits par d'autres développeurs]] qui adhèrent au protocole Bitcoin. Plus il y aura de développeurs à créer des clients alternatifs, moins d'efforts seront supportés par les développeurs du client Bitcoin officiel.


== Bitcoin is a pyramid scheme ==
== Bitcoin est un système pyramidal ==


Bitcoin is nearly opposite of a [[Wikipedia:Pyramid_scheme|pyramid scheme]] in a mathematical sense. Because Bitcoins are algorithmically made scarce, no exponential benefit is derived from introducing new users to use of it. There is a quantitative benefit in having additional interest or demand, but this is in no way exponential.<ref name="Jeff_Tucker" />
Bitcoin est presque l'opposé d'un [[Wikipedia: Pyramid_scheme | système pyramidal]] au sens mathématique. Parce que son algoritme est atypique, aucun avantage exponentiel n'est créé avec l'arrivée de nouveaux utilisateurs. Il y a un avantage quantitatif avec un meilleur intérêt (curiosité) sur le Bitcoin, ou une demande croissante, mais cela n'est, en aucune façon, exponentiel. <ref name="Jeff_Tucker" />


== Bitcoin was hacked ==
== Bitcoin a été piraté ==  


In the history of Bitcoin, there has never been an attack on the [[block chain]]  that resulted in stolen money from a confirmed output. Neither has there ever been a reported theft resulting directly from  a vulnerability in the [[Original Bitcoin client|original Bitcoin client]], or a vulnerability in the protocol. Bitcoin is secured by standard cryptographic functions. These functions have been peer reviewed by cryptography experts and are considered unlikely to be breakable in the foreseeable future.
Dans l'histoire de Bitcoin, il n'y a jamais eu une attaque sur la chaîne de blocs qui ait abouti par de l'argent volé depuis une sortie confirmée. Il n'y a jamais non plus eu de vol signalé résultant directement d' une vulnérabilité dans le client officiel Bitcoin, ou une vulnérabilité dans le protocole. Bitcoin est sécurisé par les fonctions standards de cryptographie. Ces fonctions ont été examinées par des experts en cryptographie et sont considérées comme peu susceptibles d'être cassables dans un avenir prévisible.


It is safe to say that the currency itself has never been 'hacked'.   However, several major ''websites'' using the currency have been hacked, often resulting in high profile Bitcoin heists. These heists are misreported in some media as hacks on Bitcoin itself.   An analogy: Just because someone stole US dollars from a supermarket till, doesn’t mean that the US dollar as a currency has been 'hacked'.
Il est sûr de dire que la monnaie elle-même n'a jamais été «piratée». Toutefois, plusieurs sites majeurs utilisant cette monnaie ont été piratés, résultant souvent par un braquage très important de bitcoins. Les faits sur ces braquages ont été fallacieusement rapportés dans certains médias comme piratage du Bitcoin lui-même. Une analogie: Juste parce que quelqu'un a volé des euros dans uné épicerie ne signifie pas que l'Euro, en tant que monnaie, a été «piraté».


Most bitcoin thefts are the result of inadequate [[Securing your wallet|wallet security]]. In response to the wave of thefts in 2011 and 2012, the community has developed risk-mitigating measures such as [[Wallet_encryption|wallet encryption]], support for [[BIP_0011|multiple signatures]], [[How_to_set_up_a_secure_offline_savings_wallet|offline wallets]], [[Paper_wallet|paper wallets]], and [[Hardware_wallet|hardware wallets]]. As these measures gain adoption by merchants and users, the number of thefts drop.
La plupart des bitcoins volés sont le résultat d'une insuffisance de sécurité ([[Sécuriser votre portefeuille | sécurité portefeuille]]). En réponse à la vague de vols entre 2011 et 2012, la communauté a élaboré des mesures d'atténuation des risques tels que le [[Wallet_encryption | chiffrement portefeuille]], le soutien à [[BIP_0011 | multiples signatures]], [[How_to_set_up_a_secure_offline_savings_wallet | hors portefeuilles]] , [[Portefeuille Papier| portefeuilles papier]] et [[Hardware_wallet | portefeuilles de matériel]]. Comme ces mesures gagnent en adoption par les marchands et les utilisateurs, le nombre de vols chute.


==References==
== Références ==
<references/>
<references/>



Dernière version du 4 juillet 2015 à 15:34

Éclairons quelques points communéments incompris de Bitcoin.

Bitcoin est comme toutes les autres monnaies virtuelles; Rien de nouveau

Presque toutes les autres monnaies digitales ont un contrôle centralisé. Cela signifie que :

  • Elles peuvent être émises sur la simple décision de ceux qui la contrôle
  • Elle peut être détruite en attaquant le point central de contrôle
  • Des règles arbitraires peuvent être imposées aux utilisateurs par les contrôleurs

En étant décentralisé, Bitcoin résout tous ces problèmes.

Bitcoins ne résout aucun problème que les monnaies locales et/ou l'or ne résolve(nt)

A la différence de l'or, les bitcoins sont:

  • Facile à transférer
  • Facile à sécuriser
  • Facile à vérifier
  • Facile à décomposer (granulate)

A la différence des monnaies locales, les bitcoins sont:

A la différence des systèmes de monnaies électroniques étatiques, les bitcoins sont:

  • Potentiellement anonyme
  • Sans risque de gel du compte
  • Facile à transférer
  • Moins cher à utiliser en transfert

Bitcoin est fondé sur de la puissance de calcul

Il est incorrect de dire que Bitcoin est "fondé sur" la puissance de calcul. Une monnaie "fondée" signifie qu'elle est liée à quelque chose d'autre via une partie centrale, à un taux de change, alors que vous ne pouvez pas échanger des bitcoins contre la puissance de calcul qui a été utilisée pour les créer. En ce sens, Bitcoin n'est pas fondé sur quoi que ce soit. Bitcoin est une devise de son propre droit. De même que l'or n'est pas fondé sur quoi que ce soit, il en va de même de Bitcoin.

La monnaie Bitcoin est créée par de la puissance de calcul, et l'intégrité de la chaine de blocks est protégée par l'existence d'un réseau de puissants noeuds pour prévenir des attaques.

Les Bitcoins n'ont aucune valeur car ils ne sont fondés sur rien

Certains argumentent que l'or n'est fondé sur rien d'autre. Bitcoins ont des propriétés issues de la conception de son système que leur permet d'apporter une valeur subjective à leurs propriétaires. Cette valeur est démontrée lorsque des personnes échangent librement en bitcoins. Merci de vous référer à Subjective Theory of Value.

A voir également : le mythe "Bitcoin is backed by processing power".

La valeur des bitcoins est fondé sur la quantité d'électricité et de traitement qu'il faut pour les miner

This statement is an attempt to apply to Bitcoin the labor theory of value, which is generally accepted as false. Just because something takes X resources to create does not mean that the resulting product will be worth X. It can be worth more, or less, depending on the utility thereof to its users.

In fact the causality is the reverse of that (this applies to the labor theory of value in general). The cost to mine bitcoins is based on how much they are worth. If bitcoins go up in value, more people will mine (because mining is profitable), thus difficulty will go up, thus the cost of mining will go up. The inverse happens if bitcoins go down in value. These effects balance out to cause mining to always cost an amount proportional to the value of bitcoins it produces[1].

Les Bitcoins n'ont pas de valeur intrinsèque (à la différence d'autres choses)

C'est simplement faux. Chaque bitcoin accorde à son propriétaire la capacité d'intégrer un grand nombre de petits messages de transactions dans un entrepôt de données distribuée, mondiale, horodatée, nommée la blockchain bitcoin. Il n'existe pas d'entrepôt similaire qui soit autant distribué. There is a tradeoff between the exact number of messages and how quickly they can be embedded. But as of December 2013, it's fair to say that one bitcoin allows around 1000 such messages to be embedded, each within about 10 minutes of being sent, since a fee of 0.001 BTC is enough to get transactions confirmed quickly. This message embedding certainly has intrinsic value since it can be used to prove ownership of a document at a certain time, by including a one-way hash of that document in a transaction. Considering that electronic notarization services charge something like $10/document, this would give an intrinsic value of around $10,000 per bitcoin.

While some other tangible commodities do have intrinsic value, that value is generally much less than its trading price. Consider for example that gold, if it were not used as an inflation-proof store of value, but rather only for its industrial uses, would certainly not be worth what it is today, since the industrial requirements for gold are far smaller than the available supply thereof.

In any event, while historically intrinsic value, as well as other attributes like divisibility, fungibility, scarcity, durability, helped establish certain commodities as mediums of exchange, it is certainly not a prerequisite. While bitcoins are accused of lacking 'intrinsic value' in this sense, they make up for it in spades by possessing the other qualities necessary to make it a good medium of exchange, equal to or better than commodity money.

Another way to think about this is to consider the value of bitcoin the global network, rather than each bitcoin in isolation. The value of an individual telephone is derived from the network it is connected to. If there was no phone network, a telephone would be useless. Similarly the value of an individual bitcoin derives from the global network of bitcoin-enabled merchants, exchanges, wallets, etc... Just like a phone is necessary to transmit vocal information through the network, a bitcoin is necessary to transmit economic information through the network.

Value is ultimately determined by what people are willing to trade for - by supply and demand.

Bitcoin est illégal car il n'a pas cours légal

En mars 2013, the U.S. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network issues a new set of guidelines on "de-centralized virtual currency", clearly targeting Bitcoin. Under the new guidelines, "a user of virtual currency is not a Money Services Businesses (MSB) under FinCEN's regulations and therefore is not subject to MSB registration, reporting, and record keeping regulations." [2] Miners, when mining bitcoins for their own personal use, aren't required to register as a MSB or Money Transmitter. [3]

In general, there are a number of currencies in existence that are not official government-backed currencies. A currency is, after all, nothing more than a convenient unit of account. While national laws may vary from country to country, and you should certainly check the laws of your jurisdiction, in general trading in any commodity, including digital currency like Bitcoin, BerkShares, game currencies like WoW gold, or Linden dollars, is not illegal.

Bitcoin est une forme de terrorisme domestique car il porte préjudice à la stabilité économique des USA et sa monnaie

D'après la du terrorisme aux Etats-Unis d'Amérique, il faut qu'une activité soit violente pour qu'elle puisse être légalement considérée comme potentiellement terroriste. Les remarques récentes off-the-cuff de politiciens n'ont aucun fondement légal ou factuel.

De plus, Bitcoin n'est pas domestique aux USA ou à tout autre pays. Il s'agit d'une communauté mondiale, comme le montre la carte des noeuds Bitcoin.

Bitcoin va uniquement permettre l'évasion fiscale, qui va entrainé le probable effondrement de la civilisation

Cash transactions hold the same level of anonymity but are still taxed successfully. It is up to you to follow the applicable state laws in your home country, or face the consequences.

While it may be easy to transfer bitcoins anonymously, spending them anonymously on tangibles is just as hard as spending any other kind of money anonymously. Tax evaders are often caught because their lifestyle and assets are inconsistent with their reported income, and not necessarily because government is able to follow their money.

Bitcoins peut être imprimé par n'importe qui et n'a donc aucune valeur

Bitcoins n'est pas imprimé. Instead, Blocks are computed by miners and for their efforts they are awarded a specific amount of bitcoins and transaction fees paid by others. See Mining for more information on how this process works.

Les Bitcoins n'ont aucune valeur car ils sont fondés sur des cryptographies non prouvées

SHA256 et ECDSA, qui sont utilisés par Bitcoin, sont des algorithmes standards, bien connus dans l'industrie. SHA256 est approuvé, utilisé par le gouvernement des USA et standardisé (FIPS180-3 Secure Hash Standard). Si vous croyez que ces algorithmes ne sont pas dignes de confiance alors vous ne devriez pas avoir confiance non plus dans les cartes à puces, ni aucun type de transfert bancaire électronique. Bitcoin a une base solide en well understood cryptographie.

Les premiers utilisateurs sont outrageusement récompensés

Early adopters are rewarded for taking the higher risk with their time and money. The capital invested in bitcoin at each stage of its life invigorated the community and helped the currency to reach subsequent milestones. Arguing that early adopters do not deserve to profit from this is akin to saying that early investors in a company, or people who buy stock at a company IPO (Initial Public Offering), are unfairly rewarded.

This argument also depends on bitcoin early adopters using bitcoins to store rather than transfer value. The daily trade on the exchanges (as of Jan 2012) indicates that smaller transactions are becoming the norm, indicating trade rather than investment. In more pragmatic terms, "fairness" is an arbitrary concept that is improbable to be agreed upon by a large population. Establishing "fairness" is no goal of Bitcoin, as this would be impossible.

Looking forwards, considering the amount of publicity bitcoin received as of April 2013, there can be no reasonable grounds for complaint for people who did not invest at that time, and then see the value (possibly) rising drastically higher.

By starting to mine or acquire bitcoins today, you too can become an early adopter.

21 millions de bitcoin n'est pas suffisant. Bitcoin ne pourra pas grandir

1 bitcoin est divisible jusqu'à 8 chiffres après la virgule (8 décimales). Il a aura exactement 2,099,999,997,690,000 (just over 2 quadrillion) unités minimales dans le système bitcoin. La valeur d'"1 BTC" représente celle de 100,000,000 unité minimale, nommé Satoshi. Autrement dit, chaque bitcoin en 108.

Pendant que la valeur d'1 Bitcoin augmente pour ne plus être utilisable pour les transactions de la vie courante, les utilisateurs feront des transactions avec des unités plus petites units, tel que les milli-bitcoins (mBTC) or les micro-bitcoins (μBTC).

Les bitcoins sont stockés dans des fichiers. Il suffit de copier les fichiers pour avoir plus de bitcoins !

Non, votre porte-feuille contient une clé secrète, vous donnant le droit d'utiliser vos bitcoins.

Copier le fichier, c'est donc faire une copie de la clé vous permettant d'accéder à votre coffre. Cela ne double pas le montant qu'il contient.

L'argent détruit ne peut pas être remplacé et c'est mal

Les bitcoins sont divisibles jusqu'à 0.00000001, donc, s'il y a moins d'argent restant, cela n'est pas un problème pour la monnaie en soit. Si vous perdez vos bitcoins, l'ensemble des autres bitcoins vont légèrement augmenter de valeur. C'est, en quelque sorte, un don à l'ensemble des autres utilisateurs de bitcoin.

Une question comparable est : Pourquoi ne remplace-t-on pas automatiquement les bitcoins perdus? La réponse est qu'il est impossible de différencier les bitcoins "perdus" de ceux qui sont simplement inutilisés dans un porte-feuille.

C'est une pyramide de Ponzi géante

Dans une pyramide de Ponzi, les fondateurs persuadent des investisseurs qu'ils feront des bénéfices. Bitcoin ne fait pas ce type de garantie. Il n'y a pas d'entité centrale, mais uniquement des individus qui construisent une économie.

Une chaine de Ponzi est a zero sum game. Dans une chaine de Ponzi, les premiers adopteurs can only profit at the expense of late adopters, and the late adopters always lose. Bitcoin can have a win-win outcome. Earlier adopters profit from the rise in value as Bitcoin becomes better understood and in turn demanded by the public at large. All adopters benefit from the usefulness of a reliable and widely-accepted decentralized peer-to-peer currency.[4]

Il est également important de noter que Satoshi Nakamoto, le créateur de bitcoin, n'a jamais dépensé de bitcoin (other than giving them away when they were worthless) ce qui est vérifiable dans la blockchain.

Quantité limité de bitcoin + Perte de bitcoin => Spirale déflationniste

As deflationary forces may apply, economic factors such as hoarding are offset by human factors that may lessen the chances that a Deflationary spiral will occur.

Bitcoin ne peut pas fonctionner parcequ'il n'existe aucun moyen de contrôler l'inflation

Inflation is simply a rise of prices over time, which is generally the result of the devaluing of a currency. This is a function of supply and demand. Given the fact that the supply of bitcoins is fixed at a certain amount, unlike fiat money, the only way for inflation to get out of control is for demand to disappear. Temporary inflation is possible with a rapid adoption of Fractional Reserve Banking but will stabilize once a substantial number of the 21 million "hard" bitcoins are stored as reserves by banks.

Given the fact that Bitcoin is a distributed system of currency, if demand were to decrease to almost nothing, the currency would be doomed anyway.

The key point here is that Bitcoin as a currency can't be inflated by any single person or entity, like a government, as there's no way to increase supply past a certain amount.

Indeed, the most likely scenario, as Bitcoin becomes more popular and demand increases, is for the currency to increase in value, or deflate, until demand stabilizes.

The Bitcoin community consists of anarchist/conspiracy theorist/gold standard 'weenies'

The members of the community vary in their ideological stances. While it may have been started by ideological enthusiasts, Bitcoin now speaks to a large number of regular pragmatic folk, who simply see its potential for reducing the costs and friction of global e-commerce.

Toute personne avec assez de puissance de calcul peut prendre le contrôle du réseau

C'est confirmé. Voir [1].

Il est dit que plus le réseau grandit, plus il devient difficile pour une seule entité à le faire. La puissance de calcul du réseau Bitcoin est déjà très en avance sur celle des plus rapides super-ordinateurs du monde, tous réunis.

Toutefois, ce que peut faire un attaquant une fois le réseau sous son contrôle est assez limité. En aucun cas, un attaquant pourrait créer de faux bitcoins, des fausses transactions, ou de prendre des bitcoins de quelqu'un d'autre. Les capacités d'un attaquant sont limitées à récupérer ses propres bitcoins qu'il a dépensé tout récemment, et d'empêcher d'autres personnes à recevoir leurs confirmations. Une telle attaque serait très coûteuse en terme de ressources, et pour les maigres avantages. Il y a peu d'incitation économique rationnelle se lancer dans une telle attaque.

En outre, ce scénario d'attaque ne serait possible qu'aussi longtemps que l'attaque dure. Dès qu'elle cesse, le réseau reprend son fonctionnement normal.

Bitcoin viole les réglementations gouvernementales

Il n'existe pas de réglementation gouvernementale connue qui interdise l'utilisation de Bitcoin.

Voir également : le mythe "Bitcoin est illégal car il n'y a pas de cours légal".

La réserve fractionnaire bancaire n'est pas possible

Elle est possible. Voir l'article : Fractional Reserve Banking and Bitcoin

Lorsque les 21 millions de bitcoin auront été minés, personne ne pourra générer de nouveaux blocks

Lorsque les coûts ne seront plus couvert par la création de block ex-nihilo, ce qui arrivera avant que le montant total de bitcoin ne soit attends, les mineurs feront des bénéficent à partir des commissions de transactions. Toutefois, à la différence des récompenses par block, il n'y a pas de rapport entre le les commissions par transaction et le besoin de sécurité. [2], donc there is less of a guarantee que le montant du minageg being performed sera suffisant pour maintenir la sécurité du réseau.

Bitcoin n'a pas de mécanisme de remboursement

Why some people think this is bad: Chargebacks are useful for limiting fraud. The person handling your money has a responsibility to prevent fraud. If you buy something on eBay and the seller never ships it, PayPal takes funds from the seller's account and gives you back the money. This strengthens the eBay economy, because people recognize that their risk is limited and are more willing to purchase items from risky sellers.

Why it's actually a good thing: Bitcoin is designed such that your money is yours and yours alone. Allowing chargebacks implies that it is possible for another entity to take your money from you. You can have either total ownership rights of your money, or fraud protection, but not both. That said, nothing inherent in the dollar or euro or any other currency is necessary for chargebacks to be possible, and likewise, nothing prevents the creation of PayPal-like services denominated in Bitcoin that provide chargebacks or fraud protection.

The statement "The person handling your money has a responsibility to prevent fraud" is still true; the power has been shifted into your own hands. Fraud will always exist. It's up to you to only send bitcoins to trusted entities. It is possible to trust an online identity without ever knowing their physical identity; see the OTC Web of Trust.

Un quantum d'ordinateur pourrait casser la sécurité de Bitcoin

While ECDSA is indeed not secure under quantum computing, quantum computers don't yet exist and probably won't for a while. The DWAVE system often written about in the press is, even if all their claims are true, not a quantum computer of a kind that could be used for cryptography. Bitcoin's security, when used properly with a new address on each transaction, depends on more than just ECDSA: Cryptographic hashes are much stronger than ECDSA under QC. Bitcoin's security was designed to be upgraded in a forward compatible way and could be upgraded if this were considered an imminent threat.

See the implications of quantum computers on public key cryptography here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_computer#Potential

The risk of quantum computers is also there for financial institutions, like banks, because they heavily rely on cryptography when doing transactions.

Bitcoin makes self-sufficient artificial intelligence possible

StorJ[5], a theorized autonomous agent which utilizes humans to build itself and issues autonomous payments for improvement work done, is not a conscious entity. Whatever AI is possible, is not going to be magically more possible simply because it could incentivize human behaviour with pseudonymous Bitcoin payments.

Le minage de Bitcoin est une perte d'énergie et est nocif à l'environnement

No more so than the wastefulness of mining gold out of the ground, melting it down and shaping it into bars, and then putting it back underground again. Not to mention the building of big fancy buildings, the waste of energy printing and minting all the various fiat currencies, the transportation thereof in armored cars by no less than two security guards for each who could probably be doing something more productive, etc.

As far as mediums of exchange go, Bitcoin is actually quite economical of resources, compared to others.

Economic Argument 1

Bitcoin mining is a highly competitive, dynamic, almost perfect, market. Mining rigs can be set up and dismantled almost anywhere in the world with relative ease. Thus, market forces are constantly pushing mining activity to places and times where the marginal price of electricity is low or zero. These electricity products are cheap for a reason. Often it’s because the electricity is difficult (and wasteful) to transport, difficult to store, or because there is low demand and high supply. Using electricity in this way is a lot less wasteful than simply plugging a mining rig into the mains indiscriminately.

For example, Iceland produces an excess of cheap electricity from renewable sources, but it has no way of exporting electricity because of its remote location. It is conceivable that at some point in future Bitcoin mining will only be profitable in places like Iceland, and unprofitable in places like central Europe, where electricity comes mostly from nuclear and fossil sources.

Market forces could even push mining into innovative solutions that have an effective electricity consumption of zero. Mining always produces heat equivalent to the energy consumed - for example, 1000 watts of mining equipment produces the same amount of heat as a 1000 watt heating element used in an electric space heater, hot tub, water heater, or similar appliance. Someone already in a willing position to incur the cost of electricity for its heat value alone could run mining equipment specially designed to mine bitcoins while capturing and utilizing the heat produced, without incurring any energy costs beyond what they already intended to spend on heating.

(Note that this is just an example; mining will not always produce heat equivalent to the energy consumed because some energy is inevitably released as electromagnetic radiation, among others.)

Economic Argument 2

When the environmental costs of mining are considered, they need to be weighed up against the benefits. If you question Bitcoin on the grounds that it consumes electricity, then you should also ask questions like this: Will Bitcoin promote economic growth by freeing up trade? Will this speed up the rate of technological innovation? Will this lead to faster development of green technologies? Will Bitcoin enable new, border crossing smart grid technologies? …

Dismissal of Bitcoin because of its costs, while ignoring its benefits, is a dishonest argument. In fact, any environmental argument of this type is dishonest, not just pertaining to Bitcoin. Along similar lines, it could be argued that wind turbines are bad for the environment because making the steel structure consumes energy.

Ratio of Capital Costs versus Electrical Costs

The BFL Jalapeno hashes at 5.5 Gh/s using 30W. That device consumes about $40 per year in electricity (using U.S. residential average of about $0.15 per kWh.) But the device costs over $300 including shipping. Thus just about a quarter of all costs over a two-year useful life goes to electricity. This compares to GPUs where more than 90% of costs over a two-year life went to electricity. Even more efficient designs can be expected in the future.

Les commerçants ne peuvent pas fixer de prix en Bitcoin, en raison de la volatilité du taux de change

The assumption is that bitcoins must be sold immediately to cover operating expenses. If the shopkeeper's back-end expenses were transacted in bitcoins as well, then the exchange rate would be irrelevant. Larger adoption of Bitcoin would make prices sticky. Future volatility is expected to decrease, as the size and depth of the market grows.

In the meantime, many merchants simply regularly pull the latest market rates from the exchanges and automatically update the prices on their websites. Also you might be able to buy a put option in order to sell at a fixed rate for a given amount of time. This would protect you from drops in price and simplify your operations for that time period.

Like Flooz and e-gold, bitcoins serve as opportunities for criminals and will be shut down

  • Visa, MasterCard, PayPal, and cash all serve as opportunities for criminals as well, but society keeps them around due to their recognized net benefit.
  • Hopefully Bitcoin will grow to the point where no single organization can disrupt the network, or would be better served by helping it.
  • Terrorists fly aircraft into buildings, but the governments have not yet abolished consumer air travel. Obviously the public good outweighs the possible bad in their opinion.
  • Criminal law differs between jurisdictions.

Bitcoin sera poursuivi par le gouvernement américain comme Liberty Dollars l'a été

Liberty Dollars a démarré comme une entreprise commerciale afin d'établir une monnaie US alternative, y compris les billets et pièces physiques, soutenus par des métaux précieux. Ceci, en soi, n'est pas illégal. Ils ont été poursuivis en vertu des lois de contrefaçon parce que les pièces d'argent prétendument ressemblaient à la monnaie américaine.

Bitcoin ne ressemblent pas à la monnaie des États-Unis ou de toute autre nation en aucune manière, d'aspect ou de forme. Bitcoin n'utilise pas le mot "dollar" et le symbole "$".

Bitcoin n'a aucune similitude avec le dollar américain.

Bien sûr, en fait poursuivre et arrêter Liberty Dollars était facile en arrêtant les dirigeants de la société et en saisissant les bureaux et les métaux précieux utilisés comme actifs. Le Bitcoin décentralisé, sans dirigeant, sans serveur, sans bureau, et sans adossement à des actifs tangibles, n'a pas cette même vulnérabilité.

Bitcoin n'est pas décentralisé parce que les développeurs peuvent dicter le comportement du logiciel

Le protocole Bitcoin a été défini par l'inventeur de Bitcoin, Satoshi Nakamoto, et ce protocole a maintenant été largement accepté comme la norme par la communauté des mineurs et des utilisateurs.

Bien que les développeurs du client Bitcoin officiel exercent encore une influence sur la communauté Bitcoin, leur pouvoir de modifier arbitrairement le protocole est très limité. Depuis la sortie de Bitcoin v0.3, les modifications au protocole ont été mineures et toujours en accord avec le consensus communautaire.

Des modifications du protocole, comme l'augmentation de la rétribution par bloc de 25 à 50 BTC, ne sont pas compatibles avec les clients déjà actifs sur le réseau. Si des développeurs créent un nouveau client que la majorité des mineurs perçoit comme corrompu, ou en violation des objectifs du projet, ce client ne serait tout simplement pas reconnu, et les quelques utilisateurs qui tenteraient de l'utiliser verraient leurs opérations rejetées par le réseau.

Il y a aussi d'autres clients Bitcoin faits par d'autres développeurs qui adhèrent au protocole Bitcoin. Plus il y aura de développeurs à créer des clients alternatifs, moins d'efforts seront supportés par les développeurs du client Bitcoin officiel.

Bitcoin est un système pyramidal

Bitcoin est presque l'opposé d'un système pyramidal au sens mathématique. Parce que son algoritme est atypique, aucun avantage exponentiel n'est créé avec l'arrivée de nouveaux utilisateurs. Il y a un avantage quantitatif avec un meilleur intérêt (curiosité) sur le Bitcoin, ou une demande croissante, mais cela n'est, en aucune façon, exponentiel. [4]

Bitcoin a été piraté

Dans l'histoire de Bitcoin, il n'y a jamais eu une attaque sur la chaîne de blocs qui ait abouti par de l'argent volé depuis une sortie confirmée. Il n'y a jamais non plus eu de vol signalé résultant directement d' une vulnérabilité dans le client officiel Bitcoin, ou une vulnérabilité dans le protocole. Bitcoin est sécurisé par les fonctions standards de cryptographie. Ces fonctions ont été examinées par des experts en cryptographie et sont considérées comme peu susceptibles d'être cassables dans un avenir prévisible.

Il est sûr de dire que la monnaie elle-même n'a jamais été «piratée». Toutefois, plusieurs sites majeurs utilisant cette monnaie ont été piratés, résultant souvent par un braquage très important de bitcoins. Les faits sur ces braquages ont été fallacieusement rapportés dans certains médias comme piratage du Bitcoin lui-même. Une analogie: Juste parce que quelqu'un a volé des euros dans uné épicerie ne signifie pas que l'Euro, en tant que monnaie, a été «piraté».

La plupart des bitcoins volés sont le résultat d'une insuffisance de sécurité ( sécurité portefeuille). En réponse à la vague de vols entre 2011 et 2012, la communauté a élaboré des mesures d'atténuation des risques tels que le chiffrement portefeuille, le soutien à multiples signatures, hors portefeuilles , portefeuilles papier et portefeuilles de matériel. Comme ces mesures gagnent en adoption par les marchands et les utilisateurs, le nombre de vols chute.

Références